I am learning python and I came across with package in python. I made a directory containing __init__.py and shipping.py. In shipping.py the code is

def calc_shipping():
    print("calculating shipping cost")

I made another python file called app.py outside this directory to import this package

from package import shipping
#package.shipping.calc_shipping()
shipping.calc_shipping()

I want to know that when we called shipping.calc_shipping() it prints the message.The shipping in this is an object ? if it is then we should have class, we didn't declare any classes in our package. Somebody please clarify me with this concept

CodePudding user response：

In Python everything is an object. classes, functions, methods, even modules, operators and etc. (except for language tokens and keywords which make statements like if-statement , try-except... )

Every class in Python inherits from a base object class.

Functions are not exceptions, They are from type function:

def fn():
    pass

print(type(fn))

output:

<class 'function'>

You don't need to define it in your module. def keyword will create an instance of this class for you.

It is available through types module:

from types import FunctionType

def fn():
    pass

t = type(fn)
print(t is FunctionType)  # True