Trying to use strings inside a array and then splitting that string into its charecters c-CodePudding

std::string words[Maxword] = { "Hello", "World", "Shift", "Green" , "Seven" };
srand(time(NULL));
int iSecret = rand() % 4   1;
std::cout << words[iSecret];

So I have this code which has an array with words in it then picks a random number and that correlates the word how then would I split that word into the letters. Similar to world it would be later compared to letter thats the User would guess

CodePudding user response：

Note sure what you are asking but you can do this to access a character in a string

 std::string s = "Word";
 std::cout << s[1]; // == 'o'

you can loop

 for(int i = 0; i << s.length(); i  ){
      std::cout << s[i];
 }

CodePudding user response：

You have a coupe of options. Both can be handled in the same manner. With your array of std::string, to split the selected word into characters (in a manner where you can provide a second random index and retrieve that character), you could do:

  std::cout << words[iSecret] << "\n\n";
  
  for (size_t i = 0; i < words[iSecret].length(); i  ) {
    std::cout << "words[iSecret][" << i << "]:  '" << 
                (char)words[iSecret][i] << "'\n";
  }

Above, since words[iSecret] is type std::string, you can use the [ ] index operator to select any character at a valid index within words[iSecret]. For all ways of accessing individual characters, you can see std::basic_string.

If you did not need individual character access and simply wanted to loop over each character, you could use a range-based for loop, e.g.

  for (const auto& c : words[iSecret])
    std::cout << (char)c << '\n';

Example Use/Output

Where running the program with the index operator [ ] for access as shown above, it would produce:

$ ./bin/splitwords-char
Green

words[iSecret][0]:  'G'
words[iSecret][1]:  'r'
words[iSecret][2]:  'e'
words[iSecret][3]:  'e'
words[iSecret][4]:  'n'

$ ./bin/splitwords-char
Seven

words[iSecret][0]:  'S'
words[iSecret][1]:  'e'
words[iSecret][2]:  'v'
words[iSecret][3]:  'e'
words[iSecret][4]:  'n'

std::vector As Alternative to array-of-std::string

If you have control over the type for words, then making it std::vector<std::string> words {...} avoids the inflexible limitation of the array-of-std::string. How you access each character would be exactly the same. Whether an element of std::vector<> or an element of the array, the type of the object you are dealing with is still std::string.

In addition to the index operator [ ], you can also use the member function .at() (e.g. words[iSecret].at(i) with the benefit that .at(i) also provides bounds checking on the index provided. See std::basic_string::at

Precedence Problem

You have an error in your use of rand(). % (modulo) has a higher precedence than , so you never access "Hello" (you only access elements 1 to 4). See C Operator Precedence To correct the problem either enclose (4 1) in parenthesis, or simply use rand() % Maxword. That way the values will range from 0 to 4 allowing access to all indexes in words[].

Let me know if you have further questions.