Print only regular expression match with sed command-CodePudding

I'm writing to ask you help me with the following issue.

The output of "timedatectl" on my Debian system is:

Local time: Wed 2022-11-16 13:02:00 CET
           Universal time: Wed 2022-11-16 12:02:00 UTC
                 RTC time: Wed 2022-11-16 12:02:01
                Time zone: Europe/Rome (CET,  0100)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive
          RTC in local TZ: no

How can I obtain only the "Europe/Rome" string, or obviously any other, using sed command?

I tried

timedatectl | sed -ne 's/^ *Time zone: $[A-z0-9_\/]*$.*$/\1/p'

but following message is returned:

sed: -e expression #1, char 40: Invalid range end

Thank you so much in advance!

CodePudding user response：

Your bracket expression contains an A-z range that does not work with your current collation rules. If you add LC_ALL=C before sed command, it won't error out, but it will still make it a bad regex since A-z ASCII char range also matches some non-letter symbols. It makes sense to replace A-z0-9 with [:alnum:].

So, you can either fix the regex and use 's/^ *Time zone: $[[:alnum:]_\/]*$.*$/\1/p' or just capture any non-whitespaces there instead:

sed -n 's/^ *Time zone: \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p'

Details:

-n - suppresses default line output
^ *Time zone: $[^ ]*$.* - finds a line that starts with zero or more spaces, then has Time zone: string, then any zero or more chars other than space are captured into Group 1 (with $[^ ]*$) and the rest of the line (with .*),
\1 - replaces the match with Group 1 value
p - prints the result of the successful substitution

See the online demo:

#!/bin/bash
s='Local time: Wed 2022-11-16 13:02:00 CET
           Universal time: Wed 2022-11-16 12:02:00 UTC
                 RTC time: Wed 2022-11-16 12:02:01
                Time zone: Europe/Rome (CET,  0100)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive
          RTC in local TZ: no'
sed -n 's/^ *Time zone: \([^ ]*\).*$/\1/p' <<< "$s"

Output:

Europe/Rome

CodePudding user response：

Using sed

$ sed -En '/Time zone/s~[^/]* ([^ ]*).*~\1~p' input_file
Europe/Rome